structuralism

A method of analyzing phenomena, as in anthropology, linguistics, psychology, or literature, chiefly characterized by contrasting the elemental components of the phenomena in a system of binary opposition and examining how the elemental components are combined to make larger units.

A theory of sociology that views elements of society as part of a cohesive, self-supporting structure.

A school of biological thought that deals with the law-like behaviour of the structure of organisms and how it can change, emphasising that organisms are wholes, and therefore that change in one part must necessarily take into account the inter-connected nature of the entire organism.

The theory that a human language is a self-contained structure related to other elements which make up its existence.

A school of thought that focuses on exploring the individual elements of consciousness, how they are organized into more complex experiences, and how these mental phenomena correlate with physical events.

an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena

linguistics defined as the analysis of formal structures in a text or discourse

a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals