vicariance

The division of a widespread group of organisms by a geographic barrier, such as a mountain range or a body of water, often resulting in the evolution of related species on either side of the barrier.

The separation of a group of organisms by a geographic barrier, resulting in differentiation of the original group into new varieties or species

The geological event which produces such a barrier (volcano, earthquake, etc)

The act of experiencing an event by proxy through an empathic link with the person who is experiencing the event firsthand.